![]() ![]() 2N2222A has a gain value of 110 to 800, this value determines the amplification capacity of the transistor. I've done both and never seen any difference in operation.Īgain, all of this discussion is just blah, blah, blah until you know what the relay coil current is.2N2222A is a NPN transistor hence the collector and emitter will be left open (Reverse biased) when the base pin is held at ground and will be closed (Forward biased) when a signal is provided to base pin. This does reduce the data voltage at the gate slightly (it is a voltage divider) which is why some put the pulldown resistor on the other side of the gate resistor. My drawing, above, is what Toshiba recommends. There is some discussion where to put the gate resistor. It's value is not critical in low-speed switching. The gate-source resistor is to keep the gate below the turn on threshold when there is no input. But we generally aren't working in the MHz frequencies, so just about any resistor value will work for us. The value computation is dependent on the speed of switching you need. (The gate-source capacitance the problem here, but since we aren't likely to be working in the MHz switching frequencies, it can be generally ignored). The gate transistor is needed to reduce the inrush of current when the gate receives a logical high. (The IRL540 is rated at 20 Amps continuous). VGS = 4.0 V and a resulting Drain-Source resistance of 0.11Ω., but I am not planning to draw 20Amps through the circuit. The IRL540 is better than the 2N7000 for higher loads. I use it to power loads of less than 50 mA. ![]() I use the 2N7000 with 3.3V logic and ignore the higher Drain-Source resistance (which limits it's current capacity). MarkT is correct, there are few logic level MOSFETS that work at 3.3V (gate), and most are surface mount. ![]() I would expect something more like 100 to 200 ohms (assuming the Wemos pins can handle the current). Without a diode in this position you'll simply instantly fry the transistor the first time it switches off due to the inductive kick-back - the diode tames this.Ī 2N2222 might or might not be able to handle the current of this relay, but note the base current needs to be at least 5% of the load current for it to switch fully - you need to find out the Wemos board's pin current handling ability to judge this.Ģ.1k resistor does sound rather high though, that's only 1.4mA from a 3.3V drive voltage (3.3V - 0.6V) / 2100 = 0.0014. You'll see an 1N4007 diode in that circuit. Secondly when switching a relay you must have a free-wheel diode across the relay coil, as in this tutorial: So you need to measure the resistance of the relay coil and figure out the current it needs (I = V/R). This means the coil will be powerful and take a lot of current - but I can't find any proper data for it. I am stupid.įirstly the RF6105-12V-C relay seems to be a high power contactor, switching 150A. The relay is controlling a 12v linear actuator. I want the relay to engage when the pin d1 goes high. The relay engages when I get 0v or ground going to the point that the "collector" is going to in the diagram. Did I wire them up correctly? Is my resistor too large/small? I assume the transistors went bad or I shorted them out when mounting it. I have confirmed that the relays are still good, but I can't get it to work with the transistors. I mounted the actuator and it stopped working. I was able to engage the linear actuator via 3.3v from wemos board - transistor - relay several times without any problems. I had two of the transistors with a 2.1K resistor switching two separate relays and it worked. I didn't have any TIP120's on hand, so yesterday I thought I would try the 2n2222 to do the exact same thing. I did this same exact thing on another project, but I used a TIP120 transistor with a 2.1K resistor and arduino uno to do the switching, and it is still in use now. I am trying to switch a rf6105-12v-c (what I am calling a relay?) with a 2n2222 transistor. I have read many threads about using transistors to switch relays of larger voltages on with microcontrollers, but most of them end without a solution, or I am not smart enough to understand the responses given.
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![]() If you don’t know where a specific setting you want to change is located, just look for it using the search field! For example, in the Keymap section, you can choose the keymap you want to use, reassign existing shortcuts, and create custom shortcuts for the actions that don’t have anything associated with them.Īpart from the keymap, there are lots of other things you can customize. ![]() If you go to Preferences/Settings, you’ll find a lot of other things you can play with. Finding what you need in the IDE settings You can use this tip from the WebStorm Guide for reference. Try it yourself: press Cmd/Ctrl+Shift+A, look for a UI element you’d like to hide, be it the status bar, line numbers on the gutter or something else, and turn it off from there. In general, the fastest way to toggle the visibility of UI elements is the Find Action command. With the tool window bar hidden, you can still access all the tool windows by hovering over the quick access icon and choosing what you need or by using the dedicated shortcut for that tool window. If you click the quick access button located on the status bar, you can also get rid of the tool window bar. First, you can customize the status bar by right-clicking it and removing any widgets you’re not using. To reduce clutter, you can hide some UI elements. To do this, you’ll need to go to the tool window settings, select View Mode and change it there as shown here. You can even make a tool window float on top of the editor or detach it completely so that you can view it independently on a different monitor. For this, click the gear icon on the tool window you’d like to move around, go to Move to and select a different position for that tool window. Moving tool windows aroundĪnother thing you can do is change the default position of tool windows. Other viewing modes you can switch to include Presentation, Distraction-free, and Full Screen. To do this, press Ctrl and the Backtick key, select View Mode and click Enter/Exit Zen Mode. For example, you can use this popup to switch to Zen mode, which can be very helpful whenever you need to remove distractions and focus on your code. This isn’t the only thing the Switch popup is useful for. Or you can instead use the Switch popup! Press Ctrl and `, select Theme, and preview the available themes all in one go, as shown here. What if you want to quickly check what the themes you’ve installed look like? You can go back to Preferences/Settings | Appearance & Behavior | Appearance and change the current theme from there. Doing some common tasks faster with the Switch popup Check out this blog post to find some inspiration. In addition to custom themes, you may want to install some additional handy plugins. If none of the existing themes suit your needs, you can also create your own. To explore the custom themes that are available, go to Preferences/Settings | Plugins and search the marketplace for theme. ![]() WebStorm comes with a few predefined themes, but there’s also a variety of custom options out there to choose from. Please give us your feedback so we can factor it into our later videos. We’re ready to share the second video from our WebStorm Fundamentals series! In this video, we explore some of the most common ways to tailor WebStorm’s look and feel to your liking.īelow you’ll find the key takeaways from this video as well as some additional information. ![]() The monetary payments in the product market are generally called sales. They purchase resources in the factor market and sell goods and services in the product market. When a business makes a profit, that money goes to the owner of the business to pay for his or her entrepreneurship.īusinesses are the producers of goods and services in the circular flow model. ![]() Payment for entrepreneurial talent is called profit. AP Macroeconomics focuses on the principles that apply to an. That is because physical capital is often financed through loans requiring interest payments. Each course corresponds to one semester of a typical introductory college course in economics. Payments for capital are referred to as interest. The payments for land are generally called rent payments for labor are called wages. Households exchange resources for monetary payments. Those resources include land, labor, capital, and entrepreneurship. Households are the owners of resources in the circular flow model. ![]() The CED was updated in the summer of 2022 to incorporate the change to the calculator policy for the exam. It clearly lays out the course content and describes the exam and AP Program in general. This is the core document for the course. More detailed circular flow diagrams include the government, foreign markets, banking systems, etc., but that is more detail than you generally need to know for an introductory course. AP Microeconomics Course and Exam Description. In the simplified circular flow diagram, there are just two economics actors: businesses and households. ![]()
The most important thing members of the public can do to help firefighters right now is to do their part to prevent human-caused fires. ![]() Shortly after the fire was first reported, firefighting efforts on the ground were supported by a heavy helicopter. Rappellers are working Monty and smokejumpers are working Bean Creek with a hotshot crew expected to arrive early in the morning. The public is asked to stay out of the area with fire traffic and local residents only past Perry South Campground. The Jefferson County Sheriff’s Office has issued a Level 1 evacuation notice (Get Ready) for houses on Montgomery Shores on the Metolius Arm. The Monty Fire is estimated to be 5 acres and the Bean Creek Fire is estimated to be 20 acres, both with active fire behavior and spotting. ![]() The two fires are east of Monty Campground are approximately one mile apart. ![]() Crews are working with aerial resources on the Monty Fire (768) and Bean Creek Fire (766). The public is reminded that we remain in EXTREME fire danger and public use restrictions are in place on all federally managed public lands.Central Oregon – A lightning storm passed through Central Oregon today and ignited two new fires on the Sisters Ranger District of the Deschutes National Forest. With a return to hot and dry conditions over the holiday weekend, fire officials anticipate more fire starts to pop up in the next two weeks. Incident 460 near Pringle Falls Campground on the Deschutes National Forest was contained at under ¼ acre. It is estimated at 4-5 acres with two engines, a crew and aviation assets supporting suppression efforts. Incident 465, the Rocky Butte Fire, is burning near Steins Pillar on the Ochoco National Forest. Several engines are responding and it is 0% contained. Incident 447 by Maupin Butte near the Maury Mountains and south of Paulina Highway is 15 acres and burning on Prineville District BLM lands. Incident 449 is a 55 acre fire south of the historic Rager Ranger Station on the Ochoco National Forest and is being staffed by 10 smokejumpers. A hotshot crew and 3 engines are responding. The Ryegrass Fire is estimated at 1,000 acres and is east of the Maury Mountains and south of the Paulina Highway on Prineville District BLM lands. Trout Creek Campground on the Deschutes River is currently under a Level 2 (SET) evacuation order from Jefferson County Sheriff’s Office. Four large air tankers, two Single Engine Air Tankers (SEATs), a heavy helicopter, are responding to the blaze in addition to the Central Oregon Rappellers and Redmond Hotshots. The Rattlesnake Fire is now under the unified command of Warm Springs Incident Commander Lionel Smith and Type 3 Central Oregon Fire Management Service (COFMS) Incident Commander Larae Guillory. The Rattlesnake Fire is now estimated at 4,700 acres with no containment burning on Prineville District BLM managed lands in the area of South Junction campground and the Warm Springs Reservation. ![]() The Wasco County Sheriff’s Office issued Level 3 evacuation notices yesterday for homes in the area impacting 70-100 people. The Oregon State Fire Marshall Team with assistance from the Central Oregon Fire Management Service fire officials, is responding to the fire burning on unprotected lands in the Columbia Rural Fire Protection District. The largest fire in Central Oregon remains the Wrentham Market Fire currently estimated at 10,000 acres east of Dufur in Wasco County. Crews worked through the night on several fires and have picked up 5 new starts this morning. Central Oregon – A lightning storm passed through Central Oregon yesterday and early this morning, blanketing the landscape with hundreds of lightning strikes and localized precipitation. ![]() If two overnight guests don’t know each other well, chances are they’ll be more comfortable sharing a room if they each have their own bed. This can be limiting if you want to be sure you can offer a bed to all your guests while also ensuring their comfort. If you opt to instead use a queen size mattress in your guest room, you can still sleep two guests but they’ll have to be comfortable sleeping next to each other. Bunk beds help in sleeping a variety of guestsīy having one bed safely stacked above the other, you can optimize your guest room to sleep not only a greater number of people-but a greater variety as well! In fact, some styles even have a third bed tucked beneath the bottom bunk for even more sleeping possibilities.īecause most bunk bed frames fit a twin size mattress, they are only intended to sleep one person each. (Image credit: Annie Sloan) If you're a homeowner with good wall foundations and don't want to pick up an 'off-the-rail' or flat-pack bunk bedroom idea, then a sleeping quarter built into the wall may catch your eye. ![]() ![]() Turn awkward spaces into an alcove bunk wall design. Between sleepovers, you can also use the extra bunk as a reading nook or to keep toys and stuffed animals organized. Bunk bedroom ideas that make the most of space. Your child can alternate between sleeping on the top and bottom bunk or pick a favorite and keep the other as the go-to for cousins and friends spending the night. While we might first think of a family with two or more children when imagining who buys bunk beds, they’re actually popular for homes with one child, too. But it’s not only those sharing a room that can benefit from them! We’ve found shoppers choose a bunk bed frame over a single bed frame for a variety of reasons, including… A bunk bed offers built-in space for sleepovers Bunk beds for kids serve up a double scoop of sleeping comfortĪ common choice for a shared bedroom, bunk beds are a favorite of parents and children alike. ![]() This game is now officially available if you’re running the stable version (83.0.478.37) of Microsoft Edge. You always lose in it when you're 1000m or more (or less- say, 500m), right? This tutorial shows one of the methods to cheat in Microsoft Edge and score more distance. Most of you might know the hidden game 'Surf' in Microsoft's Chromium-based Edge browser. Surface Pro 9 Surface Laptop 5 Surface Studio 2+. ![]() ![]() Just type edge://surf in the address bar. There are also codes that change the level of difficulty, allowing the player to make the game easier or harder. These include codes that give the player an unlimited number of lives, invincibility, and other power-ups. There are a number of cheat codes that can be used in the Microsoft Edge surf game. Long Fall: Fall more than 16 meters and survive Jumper: Jump on top of a car in “peripherique”. Hitchhike: Get 30 seconds of EDGE time on a moving platform. METHOD 2: Using Easter Egg Method (Long Way) This is the old method to reveal the Surf game which was actually an Easter egg in older Microsoft Edge versions.Įdgaholic: Finish a level by getting EDGE time on every edge climbed. Type following URL in Microsoft Edge address bar and press Enter: edge://surf. Must Check-out! METHOD 1: Reveal Surf Game Using Direct URL. It is vital to note that any score made with Ninjacat avatar is not documented. The browser self-confirms the keys entered and changes the character. In its place, press the following keys in the precise sequence speedily: Up, Up, Down, Down, Left, Right, Left, Right, b, a ( ↑ ↑ ↓ ↓ ← → ← → ba ). As in the classic SkiFree game, your goal is to make it as far as you can. Press the “f” key to use a speed boost power-up-you can get one near the start of the game. 102 Share Save 8.9K views 9 months ago Have found Secret Cheat Code while reading the Source Code of the Microsoft Edge Surf Game, the equivalent of the Google Chrome Offline Dino Game in The left and right keys move left and right, the up key stops your surfer, and the down key resumes surfing. I and my Ear know what bullet snap-over is. The only time I personally ever get bullet crack-over is down here in the valley 'sometimes' in the winter days. about 3 hours ago and they were ALL 1033 to 1056 FPS. I just also dialed in a subsonic 30-221 powder-load in this week (by ear Only). (this next sentance I will tie-in latter). Also I take the same rifle to Idaho several times a year to over 3700-ASL and have never had a bullet ever crack over and POP either. ![]() I have been shooting for many years and I think I do know and can hear when there is, Bullet snap-over. All shots were below 1100 fps and bullets were quiet. I have Never had any bullets snap over and crack. (not just once) but During several trips over several years. 22 rimfire and eley club-x and agulaSE with 16" barrel and suppressor at 4500+ ASL in Moab Utah. bullet flight and the effects of bullet falling into unstable Transonic flight and going subsonic before reaching the target.ĭon't Know what to tell you 'But'. Then move back opposite into the world of Long-Range & extreme LR shooting and high Vel. Subsonic gets pushed less by wind and is superior even though the other that is going faster, moves flatter in projection. The bullet traveling sonic has to travel (something like) 1000+ fps faster to equal and surpass wind push effects in flight of the subsonic bullet. In comparison, Two bullets, one going super 1200 fps and the other going subsonic under 1099 fps. Subsonic is more efficient for being affected by wind push down range over high Vel. for bullets and the efficiency of subsonic bullet flight. And does not follow the general rule, is wind holds using Super & Sub. Nothing to do with (sub.crack-over) but some other weird science. You start dealing with gas pressure post combustion and friction of barrel length. It is the opposite as the barrel gets longer past the 16-18 inch in length using subsonic ammo. (for example) The longer the barrel, The more Velocity gained. Also using Subsonic ammo does not follow the Normal ballistic thought about barrel-length and Vel. The Higher you move ASL the chances for a subsonic round to break the speed limit Decreases. When I actually fired and keeping data found it Was Not the Truth or the Norm.Ĭant always believe what you read but I usually bank-on and put my money to true life experience. ![]() (for example) Vel.ballistic' Drop' of Zero POI as the temp. I have also read and heard things from the Sniper Manuals quoted that (IMHO) are not the truth in real life. air density and humidity are the same when it cracked-over before at Lower ASL altitudes.īullets and Science theory move in strange ways and I am No Rocket Scientist with a math major. I have also been told by people that are knowledgeable in this subject that this occurrence (of cracking over) will happen 'Less Often' as you raise up Altitude ASL when firing Subsonic. In real life This happens every year to me in the winter time. Even though in most user conditions it does not. It will MOVE FASTER and DOES leave the muzzle to crack the sound barrier. Will break over and crack the sound barrier at times. ![]() It 'Usually' fires under the 1100 fps mark and is not cracking BUT ammo that is Chrony and always shoots Sub-Vel. If you take that as fact, it would suggest use of bullets with velocities no greater than 975FPS at sea level when the intent is to travel to 5000 ft and retain performance below transonic which is approximately 1058FPS. Increase altitude to 5000 feet and given a 20degree temperature drop, Speed of sound will drop by ~44FPS and Bullet velocity will remain constant due to temperature offsetting the effect of altitude. According to my Army Sniper Manual, bullets fly faster as altitude increases, and as temperature increases. OR ~22feet per second.Įvery 20 degree drop in temperature lowers speed of sound by ~15MPH also. For every 5000 ft of altitude added speed of sound is reduced by ~15 MPH. The transsonic region is approximately 5% either side of the speed of sound. The one thing you will need to keep in mind is that there is increased noise generated in the transsonic region from buffeting of the bullet. There are a lot of variables in the equation, but in the end everything cancels out except the temperature. The variance with altitude is due to decreasing temperature with increasing altitude. According to the USAF Standard Atmosphere, the speed of sound varies with the square root of the absolute temperature. ![]() Hand Tools, Power Tools, Tool Storage Systems, Safety Workwear and PPE, Diagnostic Systems from the Leading Brands Milwaukee, DeWalt, Makita, Einhell, Sealey, Draper, Sip, Swp, Silverline, Autel, Vikanand Many More. To benefit from this you can continue to browse through thousands of high quality tools online. CRAFTSMAN 2000 Series 51.5-in W x 24.7-in H 8-Drawer Steel Tool Chest. Don't forget we offer Free Delivery on all orders over €100. CRAFTSMANExtreme ToolsKobaltViper Tool StorageMontezumaBetaThe Original Pink Box. 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